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Methodology Test Name Test Description Print View
Flow Cytometry Standard Leukemia/Lymphoma Panel – 24 markers Available as global and tech-only. Markers are CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD10, CD11c, CD13, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD33, CD34, CD38, CD45, CD56, CD64, CD117, HLA-DR, kappa, and lambda. View
Flow Cytometry Extended Leukemia/Lymphoma Panel – 31 markers Available as global and tech-only. Markers are CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD10, CD11b, CD11c, CD13, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD33, CD34, CD38, CD41, CD45, CD56, CD64, CD71, CD117, CD138, CD235a, FMC-7, HLA-DR, kappa, and lambda. View
Flow Cytometry ZAP-70 Lymphoid Panel Available as global and tech-only. Markers are CD3, CD5, CD19, CD45, and ZAP-70. View
Flow Cytometry DNA Content & Cell Cycle Analysis Available as global test only. DNA stain is Draq-5. View
IHC Acute Leukemia IHC Panel Staining with the following antibodies to identify acute leukemia in bone marrow clots and core biopsies: CD3, CD7, CD20, CD34, CD45, CD56, CD117, MPO, PAX-5, and TdT. View
IHC Adenocarcinoma vs. Mesothelioma IHC Panel Staining with the following seven antibodies to differentiate pulmonary adenocarcinoma from malignant mesothelioma, epithelial type: Pan-CK, CEA, MOC-31, BerEP4, TTF1, calretinin, and WT-1. View
FISH AML FISH Panel (non-New York)
  • Disease(s):  Acute myeloid leukemia
  • Probes: 
    • 5q-, -5  (5p15, 5q31, 5q33)
    • 7q-, -7  (7q31, Cen 7) 
    • Trisomy 8  (Cen 8) 
    • MLL (11q23)
    • 20q- (20q12, 20qter)
    • RUNX1/RUNX1T1 (ETO/AML1) t(8;21) 
    • PML/RARA t(15;17) 
    • CBFB inv(16), t(16;16)
    • Probes may be ordered separately except +8 and 20q- which are combined.  
View
FISH AML FISH Panel (New York)
  • Disease(s): AML
  • Probes:
    • 5q-, -5 (5p15.2, 5q33-34)
    • 7q-, -7 (7q31, Cen 7)
    • Trisomy 8 (Cen 8)
    • MLL (11q23)
    • RUNX1T1/RUNX1 (ETO/AML1) t(8;21)
    • PML/RARA t(15;17)
    • CBFB inv(16), t(16;16)
 		View
FISH Bladder Cancer
  • Disease(s): Bladder cancer
  • Probes:
    • +3 (Cen 3)
    • +7 (Cen 7)
    • p16 (9p21)
    • +17 (Cen 17)
 		View
IHC Bladder vs. Prostate Carcinoma IHC Panel Staining with the following five antibodies to differentiate bladder from prostate cancer:CK7, CK20, PSA, CK 903, and p63. View
IHC Breast IHC Panel Staining with the following four antibodies to characterize breast tumors for therapeutic planning: ER, PR, Ki-67, and HER2. Reflex to HER2 FISH after HER2 IHC is available. View
IHC Burkitt vs. DLBC Lymphoma IHC panel Staining with the following antibodies to distinguish Burkitt, DLBCL, and double-hit lymphoma: BCL-2, c-MYC, Ki-67. FISH testing for MYC rearrangements may be useful in the work-up of this differential diagnosis. View
IHC Carcinoma Unknown Primary Site, Female (CUPS IHC Panel - Female ) Staining with the following 10 antibodies to determine origin of carcinoma in female patients: CK7, CK20, mammaglobin, ER, TTF1, CEA, CA19-9, S100, synaptophysin, and WT-1. View
IHC Carcinoma Unknown Primary Site, Male (CUPS IHC Panel - Male) Staining with the following eight antibodies to determine origin of carcinoma in male patients: CK7, CK20, TTF1, PSA, CEA, CA19-9, S100, and synaptophysin. View
FISH CLL FISH Panel (non-New York)
  • Disease(s): Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • Probes:
    • 6q- [SEC63 (6q21), MYB (6q23)]
    • ATM (11q22.3)
    • p53 (17p13.1)
    • Trisomy 12 (Cen 12)
    • 13q-/-13 (13q14, 13q34)
    • CCND1/IgH t(11;14)
    • Probes may be ordered separately (except 12 is combined with 13, and ATM is combined with p53).
View
FISH CLL FISH Panel (New York)
  • Disease(s): CLL
  • Probes:
    • ATM (11q-)
    • Trisomy 12 (Cen 12)
    • 13q- (13q14, 13q34)
    • CCND1/IgH t(11;14)
    • p53 (17p-)
 		View
FISH Eosinophilia FISH Panel
  • Disease(s):  Lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms with eosinophilia, including: Chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia, MPN, AML-NOS, lymphoblastic lymphoma, CMML, AML with inversion 16
  • Probes:
    • PDGFRa, CHIC2, FIP1L1 (4q12)
    • PDGFRb (5q33)
    • FGFR1 (8p11)
    • CBFB inv(16), t(16;16) 
    • Probes may be ordered separately.
 		View
IHC GIST IHC Panel Staining with the following four antibodies to aid in the distinction of gastrointestinal stromal tumors from smooth muscle neoplasms: CD117, DOG-1, CD34, and desmin. View
IHC Hepatoma/Cholangio vs. Metastatic Carcinoma IHC Panel Staining with the following seven antibodies to differentiate hepatic neoplasms from metastases: HSA (HepPar 1), CDX2, CK7, CK20, CAM 5.2, TTF-1, and CEA (polyclonal).  View
FISH HER2 Breast Cancer
  • Disease(s): Breast cancer
  • Probes:
    • HER2 (17q11.2-q12)
    • 17 (Cen 17)
 		View
FISH HER2 Gastric & Non-Breast
  • Disease(s): Gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and others
  • Probes:
    • HER2 (17q11.2-q12)
    • 17 (Cen 17)

Get the full details on HER2 Non-Breast.

 		View
Flow Cytometry High Sensitivity PNH Evaluation Available as a global test. Markers are CD14, CD15, CD24, CD45, CD59, CD235a (Glycophorin A), and FLAER. In validation studies, this assay was shown to detect RBC and granulocyte PNH clones with frequency down to 0.01%. View
IHC Hodgkin vs. NHL IHC Panel Staining with the following antibodies to help distinguish between Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: BOB-1, BCL-6, CD3, CD10, CD15, CD20, CD30, CD45 LCA, CD79a, MUM1, OCT-2, PAX-5, and EBER ISH. View
IHC Lung Cancer IHC Panel Staining with the following five antibodies to differentiate primary adenocarcinoma from squamous carcinoma of the lung: chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CK7, p63, and TTF-1.  View
IHC Lung vs. Metastatic Breast Carcinoma IHC Panel Staining with the following four antibodies to differentiate lung from metastatic breast carcinoma: TTF1, mammaglobin, GCDFP-15 (BRST-2), and ER. View
IHC Lymphoma Phenotype IHC Panel Staining with the following antibodies to help classify the lymphoma by immunophenotyping: BCL-2, BCL-6, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD10, CD15, CD20, CD30, CD79a, CD138, cyclin D1, Ki67, MUM1, PAX-5, TdT, and EBER ISH. View
IHC Lymphoma vs. Carcinoma IHC Panel Staining with the following antibodies to distinguish poorly-differentiated carcinoma from lymphoma: CD30, CD45, CD68, CD117, pan-keratin, MPO, S100, and synaptophysin. View
IHC Lymphoma vs. Reactive Hyperplasia IHC Panel Staining with the following antibodies to aid in the distinction of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia from lymphoma: BCL-2, BCL-6, CD3, CD5, CD10, CD20, CD23, CD43, cyclin D1, and Ki-67. View
FISH MDS FISH Panel (non-New York)
  • Disease(s): Myelodysplastic syndrome
  • Probes: 5q-, -5 (5p15, 5q31, 5q33)
    • 7q-, -7 (7q31, Cen 7)
    • Trisomy 8 (Cen 8)
    • MLL (11q23)
    • 20q- (20q12, 20qter)
    • Probes may be ordered separately except +8 and 20q- which are combined.
View
FISH MDS FISH Panel (New York)
  • Disease(s): MDS
  • Probes:
    • 5q-, -5 (5p15.2, 5q33-34)
    • 7q-, -7 (7q31, Cen 7)
    • Trisomy 8 (Cen 8)
    • 20q- (20q12)
 		View
IHC Melanoma vs. Squamous Cell Carcinoma IHC Panel Staining with the following eight antibodies to identify melanoma and differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma: CD68, Factor XIIIa, CEA (polyclonal), S-100, melanoma cocktail (HMB-45, MART-1/Melan-A, tyrosinase) and Pan-CK. View
IHC Mismatch Repair Proteins IHC Panel (MMR/Colon Cancer)

Staining with the following four antibodies to identify defects in mismatch repair proteins: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2.

This test is part of NeoGenomics’ comprehensive colorectal cancer testing.

 		View
FISH MPN FISH Panel
  • Disease(s):  Myeloproliferative neoplasms
  • Probes:
    • PDGFRa, CHIC2, FIP1L1 (4q12)
    • PDGFRb (5q33)
    • FGFR1 (8p11)
    • BCR/ABL1 t(9;22) including ASS1 (9q34)
    • Probes may be ordered separately.
 		View
FISH Multiple Myeloma IgH Complex Reflex FISH Panel
  • Disease(s): Multiple myeloma
  • Probes:
    • FGFR3/IgH t(4;14)
    • CCND1/IgH t(11;14)
    • IgH/MAF t(14;16)
 		View
FISH Multiple Myeloma High Risk FISH Panel
  • Disease(s): Multiple myeloma
  • Probes:
    • FGFR3/IgH t(4;14)
    • 13q-, -13 (13q14, 13q34)
    • IgH/MAF t(14;16)
    • p53 (17p-)
 		View
FISH Multiple Myeloma-MGUS FISH Panel
  • Disease(s): Multiple myeloma, MGUS
  • Probes:
    • iso(1p), iso(1q), +1, hyperdiploidy (1pter, 1qter)
    • +3, hyperdiploidy (Cen 3)
    • +5, hyperdiploidy (5p15.2, 5q33-34)
    • +9, hyperdiploidy (Cen 9)
    • 13q- (13q14, 13q34)
    • IgH (14q32), p53 (17p-)
 		View
FISH NeoSITE™ BE Barrett's
  • Disease(s): Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma
  • Probes:
    • MYC (8q24)
    • p16 (CDKN2A at 9p21)
    • HER2 (ERBB2 at 17q12)
    • ZNF217 (20q13)

This 4-probe FISH assay is performed on cytology brushings from Barrett esophagus to determine patterns of chromosomal gain and loss suggestive of esophageal adenocarcinoma/high-grade dysplasia vs. low grade dyplasia/non-dysplastic tissue. Sensitivity is 86% and specificity is 67% for differentiating the high-risk from the low-risk groups. Sensitivity and specificity are higher when only nodules rather than the entire esophagus are brushed. Cells from nodular surfaces will be tested first (if available) and reported as a final result if positive, or testing will reflex to the pan brushing sample if negative.

 		View
FISH NeoSITE™ Melanoma
  • Disease(s): Melanoma
  • Probes:
    • RREB1 (6p25)
    • MYC (8q24)
    • CDKN2A p16 (9p21)
    • Centromere 9
    • CCND1 (11q13)

Read more about the NeoSITE Melanoma panel.

View
IHC Neuroendocrine Neoplasm IHC Panel Staining with the following six antibodies to to identify neuroendocrine features in tumors: CD56, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, TTF-1, Pan-CK, and CEA (polyclonal).  View
FISH Non-Hodgkin's FISH Panel
  • Disease(s): NHL
  • Probes:
    • ALK (2p23)
    • BCL6 (3q27)
    • MYC (8q24)
    • CCND1/IgH t(11;14)
    • IgH (14q32)
    • IgH/BCL2 t(14;18)
    • MALT1 (18q21)
 		View
IHC Plasma Cell Neoplasm IHC Panel Staining with the following antibodies to evaluate plasma cell dyscrasia: CD19, CD20, CD38, CD43, CD56, CD79a, CD138, cyclin D1, EMA, kappa, lambda, and MUM1. View
IHC Prostate vs. Colon Carcinoma IHC Panel Staining with the following seven antibodies to aid in the differentiation of prostate cancer from colon cancer: CDX2, CK 20, CEA (monoclonal), CA19-9, PLAP, CK 7, and PSA. View
IHC Soft Tissue Tumor IHC Panel Staining with the following seven antibodies to classify soft tissue tumors:  Pan-CK, SMA, desmin, S100, CD34, vimentin, and CD68.  View
IHC T‐Cell Lymphoma IHC panel Staining with the following antibodies to diagnose T/NK-cell lymphomas: ALK1, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD10, CD20, CD21, CD30, CD56, TdT, and EBER ISH. View
IHC T‐LGL Leukemia IHC panel Staining with the following antibodies to diagnose T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia in bone marrow biopsies: CD3, CD8, granzyme B, and TIA-1. View
IHC Undifferentiated Tumor IHC Panel Staining with the following four antibodies to help classify tumors as carcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma or sarcoma: Pan-CK, S100, CD45, and vimentin. View
Flow Cytometry V-Beta T-Cell Clonality Available as global test only. Markers are VB1, VB2, VB3, VB4, VB5.1, VB5.2, VB5.3, VB7.1, VB7.2, VB8, VB9, VB11, VB12, VB13.1, VB13.2, VB13.6, VB14, VB16, VB17, VB18, VB20, VB21.3, VB22, and VB23 (24 markers). View
Molecular ABL1 Kinase Domain Mutation Analysis RT-PCR and sequencing of the BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript for qualitative detection of mutations associated with imatinib resistance View
IHC AFB (Acid-Fast Bacteria)

Special stain. Ziehl-Neelsen Acid-Fast Bacteria Stain is used to detect the presence of acid-fast mycobacteria in tissue sections. Acid-fast techniques are of value in the detection of mycobacteria, rod-shaped organisms that sometimes exhibit filamentous (fungus-like) growth. The most significant disease-producing mycobacteria are Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae.

 

 		View
IHC AFP (Alpha-1-Fetoprotein) AFP is normally synthesized in the liver, intestinal tract, and yolk sac of the fetus. Antibody to AFP has been shown to be useful in detecting hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and germ cell neoplasms, especially yolk sac tumors. View
FISH ALK for NSCLC
  • Disease(s): Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)
  • Probes: ALK (2p23)

Get the full details on Lung Cancer FISH.

 		View
FISH ALK (2p23) for lymphoma
  • Disease(s): Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, NHL
  • Probes: ALK (2p23)
View
IHC ALK1 Recognizes a human p80 protein, identified as a hybrid of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene and the nucleophosmin (NPM) gene resulting from the t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation found in 30-50% of CD30+ large cell lymphomas (1). This rabbit monoclonal antibody can be used to detect p80 in these lymphomas and may also be used to detect a recently described subtype of large B cell lymphoma, which expresses the full-length ALK protein (2). View
Molecular AML Reflex Panel Routine cytogenetics with automatic addition of the NeoTYPE™ AML Prognostic Profile when cytogenetics results show intermediate risk including normal cytogenetics, +6, +8, -Y, or del(12p). The AML Prognostic Profile includes concurrent analysis of select exons of the following genes: CEBPA, DNMT3A, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, NPM1, RUNX1, and WT1. View
Cytogenetics AML Reflex Panel Routine cytogenetics with automatic addition of the NeoTYPE™ AML Prognostic Profile when cytogenetics results show intermediate risk including normal cytogenetics, +6, +8, -Y, or del(12p). The AML Prognostic Profile includes concurrent analysis of select exons of the following genes: CEBPA, DNMT3A, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, NPM1, RUNX1, and WT1. View
IHC Amyloid A Amyloid A Component reacts with native and fixed amyloid fibrils. The antibody reacts with amyloid deposits in all tissues including kidney and rectum. Cross-reactivity with serum precursor of protein AA has been observed. The application of both Congo Red and Amyloid A Component in tissues with amyloid deposits has been shown to be superior to Congo Red alone. View
IHC Amyloid P Amyloid P Component reacts with amyloid deposits in all tissues including kidney, rectum and brain. The application of Congo Red, Amyloid P and Amyloid A in tissues with amyloid deposits has been shown to be superior to Congo Red and other histochemical stains. View
IHC Annexin A1 Annexin (ANXA1) is strongly expressed on the cell membrane and occasionally in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in 97% of samples from patients with hairy cell leukemia. By contrast, B-cell lymphomas other than hairy cell leukemia, including typical splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes and variant hairy cell leukemia, are ANXA1-negative. Wang et al. showed that high ANXA1 expression is frequent in esophageal and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinomas, is associated with more advanced pathologic T stage and the presence of distant metastasis, and is an independent prognostic factor for patient survival (Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12[15]:4598-604). View
FISH API2/MALT1 t(11;18)
  • Disease(s): MALT lymphoma, NHL
  • Probes: API2/MALT1 t(11;18)
View
IHC BCA225 Anti-BCA-225 antibody recognizes a human breast carcinoma associated glycoprotein BCA-225 (220-225kD). This protein differs in size and distribution from other breast carcinoma antigens. Unlike other antibodies against breast carcinoma antigens, this antibody does not react with benign or malignant colonic, stomach, prostate, liver, pancreas, thyroid, or parotid tissues. Adenocarcinomas of the lung, ovary and endometrium also stain with this antibody. View
Molecular B-Cell & T-Cell Gene Rearrangement PCR for detection of clonal IgH, Ig kappa, and T cell receptor gene gamma gene rearragements. View
Molecular B-Cell Gene Rearrangement Detection of clonal IgH and Ig kappa gene rearragements by PCR of IgH framework regions 1, 2, 3 and joining regions, Ig kappa FR3 and Jk regions. View
IHC BCL-1 (Cyclin-D1) BCL-1 is one of the key cell cycle regulators, and functions in association with cdk4 and / or cdk6 by phosphorylating the Rb protein. It is a putative proto-oncogene over expressed in a wide variety of human neoplasms including mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). View
Molecular BCL1 Translocation, t(11;14) Real-time PCR for quantitative detection of t(11;14) BCL1/IgH rearrangements. Analytical sensitivity is approximately 1 tumor cell in 1000 normal cells. Positive results are reported as a ratio between quantities of (11;14) DNA and a normal control gene. This translocation is also known as CCND1/IgH or BCL1/JH. View
IHC BCL-2 Expression of Bcl-2alpha oncoprotein inhibits the programmed cell death (apoptosis). In most follicular lymphomas, neoplastic germinal centers express high levels of Bcl-2alpha protein, whereas the normal or hyperplastic germinal centers are negative. View
Flow Cytometry BCL-2 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Molecular BCL2 Translocation, t(14;18) PCR and fragment analysis for quantitative detection of IGH-BCL2 translocations associated with 70-80% of follicular lymphoma and approximately 20% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Translocations involving the major (MBR), minor (MCR), and 3' MBR sub-cluster regions of BCL2 are analyzed. Positive results quantify the ratio of mutant BCL2 to internal control DNA. Testing may be performed on plasma to increase sensitivity. View
IHC BCL-6 BCL-6 proto-oncogene product (a Kruppel-type zinc-finger protein) is mainly expressed in normal germinal center B cells and related lymphomas. Bcl-6 is involved in chromosome rearrangements at 3q27 in non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas and BCL-6 rearrangements have been detected in 33%-45% of diffuse large B cell lymphomas. BCL-6 has been detected immunohistochemically in follicular lymphomas, diffuse large B cell lymphomas, Burkitt’s lymphomas and in nodular, lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin’s disease. View
FISH BCL6 (3q27)
  • Disease(s): Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, NHL
  • Probes: BCL6 (3q27)
View
FISH BCR/ABL1 t(9;22)
  • Disease(s): CML, ALL, MPN
  • Probes:
    • ABL1 (9q34)
    • ASS1 (9q34)
    • BCR (22q11.2)
 		View
Molecular BCR-ABL1 Translocation, t(9;22) – quantitative Real-time RT-PCR for detection of t(9;22) BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts that result in p190 (E1) or p210 (E13, E14) fusion proteins. Analytical sensitivity is 1 tumor cell in 100,000 normal cells. Log reduction score is reported. View
IHC BerEP4 Ber-EP4 recognizes two glycoproteins of 34 and 49 kDa present on the surface and the cytoplasm of all epithelial cells except the superficial layers of squamous epithelial, hepatocytes and parietal cells. It does not label mesothelial cells and rarely marks mesotheliomas. It shows a broad spectrum of reactivity with human epithelial cells including simple epithelia and basal layers of stratified non-keratinized squamous epithelium and epidermis. Ber-EP4 reportedly distinguishes adenocarcinomas from pleural mesotheliomas. View
IHC Beta-Catenin Beta-catenin is a 92 kD protein normally found in the cytoplasm of the cell in the submembranous location. This protein is associated with E-cadherin and may be essential for the function of E-cadherin. Mutations in the beta-catenin gene result in nuclear accumulation of this protein. Nuclear accumulation of this protein has been demonstrated in fibromatosis lesions of the breast, and abdomen and therefore is useful in differentiating this lesion from other spindle cell lesions that may occur in these locations. Nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin has also been demonstrated in colorectal carcinoma. View
IHC BG-8 Blood group antigens have been examined as potential descriminators between pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PACA) and epithelioid mesotheloma (EM). Lewis-y is the only one of these that appears to have some merit. BG8 is raised from the SK-LU-3 lung cancer line. View
IHC BOB-1 B-cell specific octamer binding protein-1 (BOB-1), also known as OBF-1 and OCA-B, is a lymphocyte specific transcriptional coactivator protein. BOB-1 has been reported to be detectable in all B cell populations found in reactive lymphoid tissues, with the strongest expression being found in germinal center B cells and plasma cells. The expression of BOB-1 in B cell tumors has been reported to be variable. View
Molecular BRAF Mutation Analysis

Bi-directional sequencing of exon 15 of the BRAF gene, which includes qualitative detection of V600 mutations E, K, D, and others, plus other significant exon 15 mutations. For solid tumors, tumor enrichment is performed before extraction.

See more details about BRAF Mutation Analysis in Melanoma.

 		View
IHC CA125 CA125 determinant is present on a mucin-like glycoprotein of high molecular weight. CA125 has been found on frozen sections of amnion and derivatives of coelomic and mullerian epithelium, including pleura, pericardium and peritoneum. In adult tissues, epithelial cells of fallopian tube, endometrium and endocervix, pancreas, colon, gall bladder, stomach, kidney, apocrine sweat gland and mammary gland. View
IHC CA19-9 CA19-9, a carbohydrate antigenic determinant identified as a sialylated lacto-N-fucopentose II, is related to the Lewis blood group. The CA19-9 antibody has been shown to label adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, stomach, colon and gall bladder. CA19-9 is also expressed in primary and metastatic ovarian carcinomas. View
IHC Calcitonin Rabbit anti-human calcitonin is a purified immunoglobulin fraction of rabbit serum. Contaminating antibodies have been absorbed by solid-phase absorption. The antibody reacts with human calcitonin and labels C-cells in normal thyroid. It is particularly useful in differentiating medullary carcinoma from papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. When used in conjunction with an anti-thyroglobulin antibody, most medullary carcinomas are positive for calcitonin, and is usually negative for most papillary and follicular types of thyroid cancer. View
IHC Caldesmon Caldesmon is a regulatory protein found in smooth muscle and other tissues which interacts with actin, myosin, tropomyosin, and calmodulin. Anti-caldesmon antibody labels smooth muscle and tumors of smooth muscle, myofibroblastic, and myoepithelial differentiation. Anti-Caldesmon has also been used to differentiate epithelioid mesothelioma from serous papillary carcinoma of the ovary. View
IHC Calponin-1 Calponin, a thin filament associated protein is implicated in the regulation and modulation of smooth muscle contraction. It is capable of binding to actin, calmodulin, troponin C and tropomyosin. Calponin is expressed in smooth muscle and tissues containing significant amounts of smooth muscle. Two isoforms of calponin exist whose molecular weights are 34kDa and 29kDa. Expression of the 29kDa form is primarily restricted to muscle of the urogenital tract. The expression of calponin has also been demonstrated in myoepithelial cells from benign and malignant breast lesions. It stains smooth muscle, myoepithelial cells, myofibroblasts, keratinocytes and nerve fibers. It identifies myoepithelial cells in breast lesions, and helps differentiate breast collagenous spherulosis (positive) from adenoid cystic carcinoma. Adenoid cystic carcinoma in salivary gland tumors is calponin positive. View
IHC Calretinin Calretinin is an intracellular calcium-binding protein belonging to the troponin C superfamily characterized by a structural mitif described as the EF-hand domain. The immunohistochemical detection of calretinin in developing cerebellum is restricted to the later stages indicated by weak staining from week 21 of gestation, in Purkinje and basket cells and in neurons of the dentate nucleus. The intensity of staining increases as the cerebellum matures. In tumors, calretinin has been detected in mesotheliomas and some pulmonary adenocarcinomas. View
Molecular CARD11 Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of exons 5 and 6 of the CARD11 gene. Testing is available separately or as part of the NeoTYPE™ Lymphoma Profile. View
FISH CBFB inv(16)
  • Disease(s): AML, AMML (AML-M4Eo)
  • Probes: CBFB inv(16), t(16;16)
View
FISH CCND1(BCL1)/IgH t(11;14)
  • Disease(s): Mantle cell lymphoma, NHL
  • Probes: CCND1/IgH t(11;14)
View
Flow Cytometry CD10 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD10 CD10 is a cell surface enzyme with neutral metalloendopeptidase activity which inactivates a variety of biologically active peptides. CD10 is expressed on the cells of lymphoblastic, Burkitt’s, and follicular germinal center lymphomas, and on cells from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). It is also expressed on the surface of normal early lymphoid progenitor cells, immature B cells within adult Bone Marrow and germinal center B cells within lymphoid tissue. CD10 is also present on breast myoepithelial cells, bile canaliculi, fibroblasts, with especially high expression on the brush border of kidney and gut epithelial cells View
Flow Cytometry CD103 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD117 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD117 (c-kit) Recognizes a protein of 145kDa, which is identified as CD117/p145kit. This rabbit polyclonal antibody does not interfere with the binding of SCF to c-kit. It precipitates both the unoccupied as well as the occupied form of c-kit. The binding of the stem cell factor (SCF) to the c-kit-encoded receptor tyrosine kinase (Type III) stimulates a variety of biochemical responses that culminate in cellular proliferation, migration, or survival. C-kit plays an important role in hematopoiesis, melanogenesis, and gametogenesis. View
Flow Cytometry CD11b Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD11c Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD13 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD138 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD138 CD138 is a transmembrane heparin sulphate proteoglycan which is made up of one core protein and five glycosaminoglycan. CD138 is expected to play a role in cell adhesion. It is expressed on the surface of pre-B cells and plasma cells but is absent from mature B cells. It is a selective marker for B cell lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoplasmocytoid leukemia. It is lost from the apoptotic myeloma cells; hence is a useful marker for viable myeloma cells. View
Flow Cytometry CD14 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD15 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD15 CD15 plays a role in mediating phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and chemotaxis. It is present on >95% of granulocytes including neutrophils and eosinophils and to a lesser degree on monocytes. CD15 is also expressed in Reed-Sternberg cells and some epithelial cells. CD15 antibody is very useful in the identification of Hodgkin’s disease. CD15 is occasionally expressed in large cell lymphomas of both B and T phenotypes which otherwise have a quite distinct histological appearance. View
Flow Cytometry CD16 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD19 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD19 CD19 recognizes a 95kD cell surface glycoprotein which is expressed by cells of the B-cell lineage and follicular dendritic cells. CD19 is a co-receptor of CD21and is an important signal transduction molecule which is involved in the regulation of B-lymphocyte development, activation and differentiation. CD19 may provide useful diagnostic information for the study of B-lymphoproliferative disorders. View
Flow Cytometry CD1a Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD1a CD1a is expressed on cortical thymocytes, Langerhans cells, and dendritic cells. It is absent on mature Peripheral Blood T cells but intracytoplasmic expression is detected on activated T lymphocytes. CD1 proteins have been demonstrated to restrict T-cell response to non-peptide lipid and glycolipid antigens and play a role in non-classical antigen presentation. View
IHC CD2 CD2 is expressed on T cells, thymocytes, and subset of natural killer cells. Human CD2 functions as the receptor for sheep erythrocytes, human CD58 (LFA-3), and CD15s (Sialyl Lewis X). p56lck, p59fyn, CD3eta and CD3epsilon are tyrosine-phosphorylated after CD2 stimulation. CD2 play a role in T cell activation, T- or NK-cell-mediated cytolysis, apoptosis in activated peripheral T cells, and regulation of T cell anergy. View
Flow Cytometry CD2 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD20 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD20 CD20 is a non-Ig differentiation antigen of B cells and the expression of CD20 is restricted to normal and neoplastic B cells, being absent from all other leukocytes and tissues. It acts as calcium channel involved in B cell activation and cell cycle progression. View
IHC CD21 CD21 is expressed strongly on mature B-cells, follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and weakly on immature thymocytes and T-lymphocytes. In B-cell ontogeny, CD21 appears after the pre-B-stage, is maintained during peripheral B-cell development and is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells. Immunohistological analysis of FDC in paraffin sections of NHL with this antibody demonstrates a nodular and usually dense and sharply defined FDC meshwork in follicular lymphomas and a loose, ill-defined FDC of varying size in some diffuse lymphoma types. Precursor B-cell lymphoma (lymphoblastic lymphomas), Burkitt lymphomas, plasmacytomas and hairy cell leukemias constantly lack FDC. View
Flow Cytometry CD22 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD22 Anti-CD22 is directed against the type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein CD22. Anti-CD22 exhibits a cell membranous and/or cytoplasmic staining pattern and may be used to aid in the identification of B-cell lymphomas. View
Flow Cytometry CD23 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD23 CD23 is a 45kDa glycoprotein, which is present on a subpopulation of freshly isolated Peripheral Blood and tonsil B cells and strongly expressed on EBV-transformed B lymphoblasts. The CD23 molecule is identical to the low affinity IgE receptor found on B cells. Expression of CD23 has been detected in neoplastic cells from cases of B cell chronic lymphocyctic leukaemia and some cases of centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma. View
Flow Cytometry CD235a Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD25 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD3 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD3, Monoclonal This antibody reacts with the intracytoplasmic portion of the CD3 antigen expressed by T cells. It stains human T cells in both the cortex and medulla of the thymus and in peripheral lymphoid tissues. This antibody is suitable for staining normal and neoplastic T cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. View
IHC CD30 CD30, a single chain glycoprotein, is synthesized as a 90kDa precursor which is processed in the Golgi complex into a membrane-bound phosphorylated mature 105/120kDa glycoprotein. The CD30/Ki-1 antigen is expressed by mononuclear Hodgkin and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin’s disease, by the tumor cells of a majority of anaplastic large cell lymphomas, and by a varying proportion of activated T and B cells. View
Flow Cytometry CD30 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD31 CD31 is a glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells and in platelets. It is known to be involved in cell signaling and cell adhesion. Antibody to CD31 is of value in the study of benign and malignant vascular tumors. Staining for CD31 has also been used to measure angiogenesis, which reportedly predicts tumor recurrence. View
Flow Cytometry CD33 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD34 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD34 CD34, a single chain transmembrane glycoprotein, is selectively expressed on human lymphoid and myeloid hematopoietic progenitor cells. Staining for CD34 has been used to measure angiogenesis, which reportedly predicts tumor recurrence. View
Flow Cytometry CD36 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD38 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD4 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD4 CD4, a single chain transmembrane glycoprotein, is found on a T cell subset (helper/inducer) representing 45% of Peripheral Blood lymphocytes. It is also present on 80% of thymocytes and at a lower level on monocytes. It is involved in recognition of antigen presented along with MHC class II by APCs. It serves as receptor for HIV. View
Flow Cytometry CD41 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD43 CD43 is a cell surface glycoprotein which is expressed on all thymocytes and T-cells. CD43 is involved in activation of T cells, B cells, NK cells, and monocytes. View
Flow Cytometry CD45 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD45 (LCA) CD45 belongs to the family of at least four isoforms of membrane glycoproteins (220, 205, 190, 180kDa) expressed on hematopoietic cell lines but absent on non-hematopoietic cell lines, normal and malignant non-hematopoietic tissues. The intracellular portion of these molecules have protein phosphatase activity and are involved in regulation of transmembrane signals. View
IHC CD45RO Anti-CD45RO reacts predominantly with the p180 component of the Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA) antigen family and weakly with the 190 kD and 205 kD isoforms. This reagent reacts with most T lymphocytes, macrophages, and Langerhan's cells of normal tissue. View
IHC CD5 CD5, a transmembrane protein, is found on 95% of thymocytes and 72% of Peripheral Blood lymphocytes. In lymph nodes, the main reactivity is observed in T cell areas. CD5 is expressed by many T cell leukemia, lymphomas, and activated T cells. Occasionally, CD5 antigen is also expressed on a subset of B cells. Mantle cell lymphomas (same as diffuse centrocytic lymphomas) are CD5+ while the follicle center cell lymphoma are CD5-. View
Flow Cytometry CD5 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD55 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD56 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD56 (N-CAM) Three isoforms of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) are produced by differential splicing of the RNA transcript from a single gene. The 135kDa isoform is the basic molecule which is glycosylated or sialylated to produce the mature species. NCAM (CD56) is reported to express on most neuroectodermal derived cell lines, tissues, and neoplasms such as retinoblastoma, medullblastoma, astrocytoma, and neuroblastoma. It is also expressed on some mesodermally derived tumors such as rhabdomyosarcoma and also on natural killer cells. View
Flow Cytometry CD57 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD57 Anti-CD57 antibody marks a subset of lymphocytes known as natural killer (NK) cells. Follicular center cell lymphomas often contain many NK cells within the neoplastic follicles. NK-1 also stains neuroendocrine cells and their derived tumors, including carcinoid tumor, and medulloblastoma. NK-1 reportedly also reacts with a variety of cell types in nonlymphoid tissues. View
Flow Cytometry CD59 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD61 CD61 is a glycoprotein found on megakaryocytes, platelets and their precursors. CD61 antigen plays a role in platelet aggregation and also as a receptor for fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor and vitronectrin. View
Flow Cytometry CD64 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD68 Anti-CD68 reacts with a 110 kD intracellular glycoprotein associated with the cell membrane of macrophages and some myeloid elements. View
Flow Cytometry CD7 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD7 Anti-CD7 is directed against the 40kD transmembrane glycoprotein, CD7, which is present in thymocytes and mature T cells. Anti-CD7 may be used to aid in the identification of T cell lymphomas. View
Flow Cytometry CD71 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry CD79a Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CD79a CD79a is found in the majority of acute leukemias of precursor B cell type, in B cell lines, B cell lymphomas, and in some myelomas. It is not present in myeloid or T cell lines. View
Molecular CD79B Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of exon 5 of the CD79B gene which includes detection of the common Y196 mutations. Testing is available separately or as part of the NeoTYPE™ Lymphoma Profile. View
IHC CD8 CD8 molecule consists of two chains, termed alpha and Beta chain, which are expressed as a disulphide-linked alpha/Beta heterdimer or as an alpha/alpha homodimer on T cell subset, thymocytes and NK cells. The majority of CD8+ T cells express CD8 as alpha/Beta heterdimer. CD8 functions as a coreceptor in concert with TCR for binding the MHC class I/peptide complex. The HIV-2 envelope glycoprotein binds CD8 alpha chain (but not Beta chain). View
Flow Cytometry CD8 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC CDX2 The caudal-related homeodomain protein2 (CDX2) is a transcription factor shown to play a role in the development of small and large intestine in mammals and in the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. It has been shown that CDX2 protein detection by IHC coorelates with RNA transcript levels. In studies using 745 cancers from many anatomic sites, colonic adenocarcinomas demonstrated strong staining in 90% of the cases, while adenocarcinomas of the stomach, esophagus and ovary showed extensive staining in only 30% of the cases. Stains of CDX2 and Villin are useful markers in differntial diagnosis of bladder adenocarcinoma and secondary colorectal adenocarcinoma2. View
IHC CEA, Monoclonal Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), is synthesized during development in the fetal gut, and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. Antibody to CEA is reportedly useful in identifying the origin of various metastatic adenocarcinomas and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA+) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA+). View
IHC CEA, Polyclonal Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), is synthesized during development in the fetal gut, and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. Antibody to CEA is reportedly useful in identifying the origin of various metastatic adenocarcinomas and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA+) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA+). View
Molecular CEBPA Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of the relevant coding region and fragment analysis for detection of sequence variant and internal tandem duplication mutations. The SNP genotype at rs34529039 is reported. Testing is performed on plasma for increased sensitivity whenever possible. This test can be ordered separately or as part of the NeoTYPE™ AML Prognostic Profile. View
Molecular Chimerism / DNA Fingerprinting Analysis STR (short tandem repeat) analysis by PCR and capillary electrophoresis (fragment analysis) is used to define sample identity and to identify mixtures of two or more genotypes within a single sample. Fifteen autosomal markers and one gender-based marker are analyzed. This test is commonly used to assess engraftment after allogeneic stem cell transplant. Stem cell engraftment results are reported as full, partial, or split chimerism along with percentage of donor chimerism within the recipient sample. This assay detects minor cell populations down to 2-5% chimerism. View
IHC Chromogranin A Chromogranin A (a protein of 439 amino acid which is encoded on chromosome 14) is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, phenochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Coexpression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. View
Cytogenetics Chromosome Analysis A wide variety of abnormalities can be identified, providing both diagnostic and prognostic information. Acute leukemias, lymphomas and chronic myeloid and lymphoid disorders are examined cytogenetically in order to establish the exact nature of the acquired genetic change. Rearrangements, also known as translocations, inversions, and deletions, can usually be detected under a light microscope. In most leukemias and lymphomas, changes in chromosome number (ploidy) or chromosome structure (rearrangements) are often observed. View
Flow Cytometry Circulating Tumor Cell Test The Circulating Tumor Cell Test is for patients with metastatic breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. The test captures and assesses tumor cells of epithelial origin that may be circulating in a patient’s bloodstream. Analytical sensitivity: 1 circulating tumor cell/7.5 mL whole blood. Analytical specificity: 99.7%. View
Molecular c-KIT Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of KIT exons 8, 9, 11, and 17 for detection of activating mutations including the common mutation D816V. For solid tumors, tumor enrichment is performed before extraction. In hematological disease, testing may be performed on plasma to increase sensitivity. View
Molecular CLL Molecular Prognostic Panel Concurrent analysis of critical regions of the IgVH and SF3B1 genes by RT-PCR and bi-directional sequencing, and NOTCH1 by sequencing and fragment analysis. In IgVH analysis, the mutated VH gene family is identified in positive reports (which have >3% deviation from normal sequence). IgVH mutation may not be detectable in specimens containing <10% clonal B-cells. SF3B1 analysis covers exons 14-17, where at least 90% of the reported mutations are detected. This test detects SF3B1 mutations present at 10-15% or more in a wild-type background. View
IHC c-MYC c-MYC gene amplification has been found in several types of human tumors. Studies have shown that c-MYC is essential for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in neoplastic disease. c-MYC oncogene activity may also be necessary for the translocation(s) seen in human breast tumors identified to have a poor-prognosis signature and metastasis to distant sites. Over-expression of the c-MYC oncogene has been implicated in the development and progression of human prostate carcinoma. View
IHC Collagen Type IV Collagen Type IV is the major component of the basal lamina, so antibodies to this molecule confirm its presence and reveal the morphological appearance of the structure. Normal tissue stains with this antibody in a fashion consistent with the sites of mesenchymal elements and epithelial basal laminae. Anti-Collagen IV can also be useful in the classification of soft tissue tumors; schwannomas, leiomyomas, and their well-differentiated, malignant counterparts usually immunoreact with this antibody. The vascular nature of neoplasms, hemangiopericytoma, angiosarcoma, and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma can be revealed by this antibody with greater reliability than non-specific stains (e.g. silver reticulum). View
IHC Congo Red/Amyloid Special stain. The Congo Red stain demonstrates amyloid in tissue sections. Amyloid is predominantly a fibrillar protein that deposits in tissue under certain pathologic conditions. Following Congo Red staining, bright apple-green birefringence exhibited under polarized light is considered specific for amyloid. View
IHC Cyclin D1  (BCL-1) BCL-1 is one of the key cell cycle regulators, and functions in association with cdk4 and / or cdk6 by phosphorylating the Rb protein. It is a putative proto-oncogene over expressed in a wide variety of human neoplasms including mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). View
IHC Cytokeratin 17 The type I keratin 17 (K17) shows a peculiar localization in human epithelial appendages including hair follicles, which undergo a growth cycle throughout adult life. Additionally K17 is induced, along with K6 and K16, early after acute injury to human skin. Predominant expression of K17 and the frequent expression of K8 and K19, with little K6/K16 and K1/K10 expression are the characteristic features of basal cell carcinomas (BCC), suggesting that BCC is differentiated towards undifferentiated follicular epithelia, most probably hair bulge cells. View
IHC Cytokeratin 19 Keratin 19 is a member of type I acidic subfamily of intermediate filaments. It is expressed in various different human tissues except in liver. Keratin 19 is not expressed in hepatocytes, therefore, antibody to keratin 19 is useful in the identification of liver metastasis. View
IHC Cytokeratin 20 Keratin 20 / cytokeratin20 (CK20) is a Type-I keratin which is primarily expressed in gastric and intestinal epithelium, urothelium, and Merkel-cells. CK20 is expressed in adenocarcinomas of the colon, stomach, pancreas and the bile system. CK20 is also present in mucinous ovarian tumors, transitional-cell and Merkel-cell carcinomas. Notably, the squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the breast, lung, and endometrium, non-mucinous tumors of the ovary, and small cell carcinomas lack in CK20. View
IHC Cytokeratin 7 Cytokeratin 7 is a basic cytokeratin which is found in most glandular and transitional epithelia but not in the stratified squamous epithelia. Keratin 7 is expressed in the epithelial cells of ovary, lung, and breast but not of colon, prostate, or gastrointestinal tract. Antibody to cytokeratin is useful in distinguishing ovarian carcinomas (keratin 7+) from colon carcinomas (keratin 7-). View
IHC Cytokeratin 8/18 Anti-cytokeratin 8 & 18 is a cocktail of two mouse monoclonal antibodies. Cytokeratins 8 & 18 can be found in most simple epithelium, e.g. thyroid, female breast, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract. Adenocarcinomas and most non-keratinizing squamous carcinomas will stain, but keratinizing squamous carcinomas will not. This cocktail is used when attempting to demonstrate the presence of Paget cells; there is very little keratin 18 in the normal epidermis so this will only stain Paget cells. This approach facilitates the interpretation using immunostains and is more sensitive than mucin histochemistry. View
IHC Cytokeratin CAM 5.2 CAM 5.2 Cytokeratin will stain most epithelial-derived tissue, including liver, renal tubular epithelium, and hepatocellular and renal cell carcinomas. View
IHC Cytokeratin HMW 903 (CK34BE12) In normal cells, Ab-3 labels squamous, ductal and other complex epithelia. It reacts with benign small-acinir lesions of the prostate and does not react with hepatocytes, pancreatic acinar cells, proximal renal tubes or endometrial glands. In tumor cells, this antibody is reactive with both squamous and ductal neoplasms and variably with those derived from simple epithelium. View
IHC Cytokeratin LMW (AE1) Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI <5.7) and basic (pI >6.0) subfamilies. The acidic keratins have molecular weights of 56.5, 55, 51, 50, 50’, 48, 46, 45, and 40kDa. The basic keratins have molecular weights of 65-67, 64, 59, 58, 56 and 52kDa. Members of acidic and basic subfamilies are found together in pairs. The composition of keratin pairs varies with cell type, differentiation status and environment. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis. View
IHC Cytokeratins 5/6 Twenty human keratins are divided into acidic (pI <5.7) and basic (pI >6.0) subfamilies. Members of the acidic and basic subfamilies are found together in pairs. The composition of keratin pairs varies with the epithelial cell type, stage of differentiation, cellular growth environment, and disease state. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor identification. View
IHC D2-40 (Podoplanin) Cyclin D2 is a G1 cyclin required for G1-phase progression and is a strong candidate for a proto-oncogene. cyclin D2 can phosphorylate pRB when associated with cdk4 and/or cdk6. View
IHC Desmin Desmin is an intermediate filament protein of both smooth and striated muscles. Antibody to desmin reacts with striated (skeletal and cardiac) as well as smooth muscle cells. In skeletal and cardiac muscles, the staining is confined to the Z-bands giving a characteristic striated appearance. Anti-desmin antibody is useful in identification of tumors of myogenic origin. View
Molecular DNMT3A Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of exon 26, a mutation hotspot region containing R882 and other mutations. In hematological disease, testing may be performed on plamsa to increase sensitivity. For solid tumors, tumor enrichment is performed before extraction.  This test can be ordered separately or as part of the NeoTYPE™ AML Prognostic Profile. View
IHC DOG-1 DOG1 is used as an aid in the identification and diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) within the context of an antibody panel, the patient’s clinical history, and other diagnostic tests evaluated by a qualified pathologist. View
IHC EBER ISH In situ hybridization for detection of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER). View
IHC E-Cadherin E-cadherin is a calcium dependent cell adhesion molecule expressed predominately in epithelial tissues. It plays an important role in the growth and development of cells via the mechanisms of control of tissue architecture and the maintenance of tissue integrity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that reduction and/or loss of E-cadherin expression in carcinomas correlates positively with the potential of these tumors for invasion and metastasis. View
Molecular EGFR Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of exons 18-21 of the EGFR gene for detection of EGFR-activating mutations and TKI resistance mutations in these exons. Tumor enrichment is performed before extraction.  View
IHC EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen) EGA is a mucin-like glycoprotein. Antibody to EMA has been shown useful as a pan-epithelial marker for detecting early metastatic loci of carcinoma in the Bone Marrow or liver. View
IHC ER (Estrogen Receptor) ER exists in two types: alpha and Beta. They are similar in structure. The ligand binding domain and the DNA binding domain are highly conserved in these proteins while the N-terminal transactivating domain is diverged considerably. Five isoforms of the hER beta gene, designated hER beta 1-5 have been identified. ER-Beta binds to estrogen and activates genes through direct interaction with estrogen specific gene elements (ERE’s). ER-Beta RNA has been detected in human thymus, spleen, ovary and testis and in rat ovary and prostrate. This tissue distribution overlaps but is not identical to that of ER - alphaRNA. View
Molecular ETV6-RUNX1 (TEL-AML1) Translocation, t(12;21) Real-time RT-PCR for quantitative detection of the t(12;21) ETV6-RUNX1 fusion transcript (formerly called TEL-AML1). Analytical sensitivity is 1 tumor cell in 100,000 normal cells. Positive results are reported as a percentage ratio between quantities of transcript of t(12;21) and the sum of t(12;21) plus a control gene. View
Molecular EZH2 Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of exons 3-13 and 15-18 of the EZH2 gene. Testing is available separately, as an add-on to the NeoTYPE™ Lymphoma Profile, or as part of the NeoTYPE™ MDS/CMML Profile. View
IHC Factor VIII Factor VIII related antigen or von Willebrand factor is a multimeric glycoprotein. It has functional binding domains to platelet glycoprotein Ib, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, collagen and heparin. von Willebrand factor is synthesized by endothelial cells and stored in the Weibel-Palade granules. It mediates platelet adhesion to injured vessel walls and serves as a carrier and stabilizer for coagulation factor VIII. von Willebrand factor is one of the most useful markers to identify endothelial (or megakaryocytic) lineage of neoplasms. As not all endothelial cells synthesize / store) this molecule, about 30% of tumors of vascular origin fail to stain for factor VIII related antigen, regardless of whether they are benign or malignant. Staining for factor VIII related antigen has also been used to measure angiogenesis, an indicator of tumor recurrence. View
IHC Factor XIIIa Factor XIII in both reduced and non-reduced forms. It does not react with human Factor XIII B-chain or human Factor XII. Factor XIII is a Beta-globulin found in plasma and is composed of two subunits. Factor XIII-A is the catalytic subunit and is a dimer of M.W. 160kDa. Factor XIII is present in plasma as an alpha2Beta2 heterodimer (M.W. 320kDa); whereas in platelets, only the alpha2 unit exists. Factor XIIIa is a dermal dendrocyte marker and shows variable reaction with these types of tumors. It can be used for histiocytic phenotyping and has been reported to mark capillary hemangiomas and tumors of the central nervous system. Factor XIII has also been used with CD34 to differentiate between dermatofibroma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. View
FISH FGFR3/IgH t(4;14)
  • Disease(s): Multiple myeloma, MGUS
  • Probes: FGFR3/IgH t(4;14)
View
Flow Cytometry FLAER Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Molecular FLT3 Mutation Analysis Detection of internal tandem duplication and exon 20 tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutations using bidirectional sequencing. Positive results identify specific TKD mutations or report ITD results quantitatively as percent abnormal ITD peak. Testing may be performed on plasma to increase sensitivity. This test may be ordered separately or as part of the NeoTYPE™ AML Prognostic Profile. View
Flow Cytometry FMC-7 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC Galectin-3 Galectin-3 is a 31 kD beta-galactosidase binding lectin. It has been associated with binding to the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin. Anti-galectin-3 has been demonstrated to be valuable in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms in both histologic sections and fine needle aspiration biopsy material. Anti-galectin-3 antibody has also been useful in identifying anaplastic large cell lymphoma. View
IHC GATA3 GATA-3 orchestrates gene expression profiles during embryogenesis of a variety of human tissues, including hematopoietic cells, skin, kidney, mammary gland, and the central nervous system. GATA-3 appears to control a set of genes involved in the differentiation and proliferation of breast cancer. The expression of GATA-3 has a strong association with the expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) in breast cancer, and there is mounting evidence that GATA-3 can be used as a clinical marker to determine response to hormonal therapy and to refine the prognosis of breast cancer patients. GATA-3 has also been shown to be a novel marker for bladder cancer. View
IHC GCDFP-15 (BRST-2) (Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein-15) Gross cystic disease of the breast is benign premenopausal disorder in which cysts are a predominant pathological lesion. These cysts appear to be formed from excessive apocrine cystic secretions. This fluid is composed of several glycoproteins including a unique 15kDa monomer protein, Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein-15 (GCDFP15). Cytosolic analysis of normal tissue specimens from all major organs has demonstrated GCDFP15 in apocrine epithelia, lacrimal, ceruminous and Moll’s glands and in numerous serous cells of the submandibular, tracheal, bronchial, sublingual and minor salivary glands. GCDFP15 and prostate specific antigen are co-expressed in androgen receptor-positive breast tumors. View
IHC GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) This antibody reacts with human GFAP and has been solid phase absorbed with human and cow serum. Anti-GFAP stains astrocytes and some groups of ependymal cells and their corresponding tumors. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells, enteric glial cells and satellite cells are stained. Weak staining of axons has been observed which is caused by cross-reaction with neurofilament. It is useful for distinguishing neoplasms of astrocytic origin from other neoplasms in the central nervous system. Negative staining has been observed with lymphatic tissue, muscle, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, pancreas and bladder. View
IHC Glycophorin A Glycophorin A is a sialoglycoprotein present on human red blood cells and their precursors. Anti-Glycophorin A has been used to characterize erythroid cell development and in the diagnosis of erythroid leukemias. View
IHC Glypican 3 Anti-Glypican 3 (GC33) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody is directed against the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, glypican 3. This antibody may be used to aid in the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma from normal liver or benign lesions. View
IHC GMS Special stain. GMS (Grocott Methenamine-Silver Nitrate) Fungus Stain is used to demonstrate fungal organisms in tissue sections. View
IHC Granzyme B Granzymes are neutral serine proteases which are stored in specialized lytic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and in natural killer (NK) cells. These CTL and NK cells are heavily involved in the elimination of neoplastic and virally infected cells. Secretory granules containing perforin and granzymes are instrumental in undertaking cytolytic activity. Granzyme B is understood to enter a target cell through a perforin pore-formed channel to induce DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. Granzyme B has also been described in neoplastic CTL and NK cells. View
IHC HBME-1 Anti-HBME-1 has been demonstrated to label mesothelial cells, both benign and malignant (malignant mesothelioma) and thus has been used in distinguishing mesothelioma from adenocarcinomas of various origins. More recently this antibody has been used to distinguish thyroid carcinomas (both follicular and papillary) from benign thyroid lesions. View
IHC HCG Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a protein secreted in large quantities by normal trophoblasts; the antibody detects cells and tumors of trophoblastic origin such as choriocarcinoma. Large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung demonstrate hCG positivity in 90% and 60% of cases respectively. 20% of squamous cell lung carcinomas are positive for hCG. hCG expression by non-trophoblastic tumors may indicate aggressive behavior since it has been observed that hCG may play a role in the host response to a given tumor. View
IHC Helicobacter Pylori Anti-H. pylori antibody reacts with a spiral bacillus bacteria located on the surface of the pyloric and stomach mucosa. Studies have shown that H. pylori plays an important role in the etiology of chronic gastritis and the development of peptic ulcer disease. View
IHC Hep Par 1 (Hepatocyte Specific Antigen) This antibody also can be used in differential diagnostic separation of hepatoblastoma versus other small round cell tumors. View
IHC HER-2/neu (4B5) Ventana Pathway® This antibody is intended for in vitro diagnostic use. Ventana Medical Systems, Inc's (Ventana) PATHWAY anti-HER-2/neu (4B5)Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody (PATHWAY HER-2 (4B5)) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody intended for laboratory use for the semi-quantitative detection of HER-2 antigen in sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal and neoplastic tissue on a Ventana automated immunohistochemistry slide staining device. It is indicated as an aid in the assessment of breast cancer patients for whom Herceptin treatment is considered. FDA Approved. View
IHC HHV-8 (Human Herpes Virus-8) HHV 8 is the likely etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). HHV 8 encodes a latent nuclear antigen (LNA), which is the product of the viral gene of 73. LNA is capable of forming a complex with retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product, which may be related to its oncogenic activity. View
Flow Cytometry HLA-DR Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC HMB-45 (Melanosome) Ab-1 specifically recognizes a protein in melanocytes and melanomas. Intradermal nevi, normal adult melanocytes, and non-melanocytic cells are negative. It does not stain tumor cells of epithelial, lymphoid, glial, or mesenchymal origin. View
Molecular HOXB13 Genotyping This test is performed on a patient's blood specimen to look for germline genetic variants. The method is bi-directional sequencing of exons 1 and 2 of the HOXB13 gene for detection of the G84E mutation and other variants of significance to prostate cancer risk. View
Molecular HRAS Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of HRAS exons 1 and 2 which includes sites of common activating mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61. View
IHC HSA This antibody also can be used in differential diagnostic separation of hepatoblastoma versus other small round cell tumors. View
Molecular IDH1 & IDH2 Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of the exon 4 mutation hotspot regions in both the IDH1 and IHD2 genes. IDH1 and IDH2 are analyzed concurrently. In hematological disease, testing may be performed on plamsa to increase sensitivity. For solid tumors, tumor enrichment is performed before extraction.  This test can be ordered separately or as part of the NeoTYPE™ AML Prognostic Profile. View
Flow Cytometry IgG1 Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry IgG2a Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
FISH IgH (14q32)
  • Disease(s): Lymphoma, NHL, multiple myeloma, MGUS
  • Probes: IgH (14q32)
View
FISH IgH/BCL2 t(14;18)
  • Disease(s): Follicular lymphoma, NHL
  • Probes: IgH/BCL2 t(14;18)
View
FISH IgH/MAF t(14;16)
  • Disease(s): Multiple myeloma, MGUS
  • Probes: IgH/MAF t(14;16)
View
FISH IgH/MAFB t(14;20)
  • Disease(s): Myeloma, MGUS
  • Probes: IgH/MAFB t(14;20)

This probe combination may be ordered separately or added to any of our myeloma FISH panels.

View
Molecular IgVH Mutation Analysis RT-PCR and bi-directional sequencing of the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain for detection of mutation from germline sequence. The mutated VH gene family is identified in positive reports (>3% sequence deviation). Mutation may not be detectable in specimens containing <10% clonal B-cells. View
IHC Inhibin Inhibin is a dimeric glycoprotein hormone from TGF-beta family made up of alpha and beta subunits. It inhibits the production of follicle-stimulating hormone from pituitary while activin stimulates the production of FSH. It is suggested that inhibin may act as a gonadal tumor suppressor. View
Molecular inv(16), CBFB-MYH11 Translocation Real-time RT-PCR for quantitative detection of the inv(16) CBFB-MYH11 fusion transcript. Positive results are reported as ratio of the amount of fusion transcript with the amount of transcript from a normal control gene. This assay identifies type A fusions, which account for >90%. Analytical sensitivity is 1 tumor cell in 100,000 normal cells. View
IHC Iron Special stain. Prussian Blue Stain is used for the detection of ferric (FE3+) iron in tissues. Ferric iron is normally found in small amounts in the bone marrow and the spleen. Abnormally large deposits may be seen in hemochromatosis and hemosiderosis. View
Molecular JAK2 Exon 12-14 Mutation Analysis RT-PCR and bi-directional sequencing to detect non-V617F mutations in exons 12-14 and most of exon 15, corresponding to the majority of the JAK2 pseudokinase domain. Exon deletion mutations are detectable. Testing is performed on plasma for increased sensitivity whenever possible. V617F analysis is recommended before or concurrently with this test. Exon 12-14 Mutation Analysis may be ordered separately, with concurrent V617F testing, by reflex after negative V617F testing, or as part of the MPN Reflex Panel. View
Molecular JAK2 V617F Mutation Analysis Detects the V617F mutation. The rare mutation V617I is also detected. Testing is performed on plasma for increased sensitivity whenever possible. V617F testing may be ordered separately, concurrently with full exon 12-14 sequencing, with reflex to exon 12-14 sequencing, or as part of the MPN Reflex Panel. View
Flow Cytometry Kappa - Monoclonal Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry Kappa - Polyclonal Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC Kappa Ig Light Chain Antibody to the kappa light chain of immunoglobulin is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is clonal and therefore malignant. View
IHC Kappa ISH In situ hybridization for detection of kappa light chain mRNA. Testing should be ordered in conjunction with lambda ISH. Positive and negative staining for kappa and lambda are reported and abnormal results are given as percentage ratio. View
IHC Ki-67 Ki-67 is a nuclear protein, which is expressed in the proliferating cells. Ki-67 is preferentially expressed during late G1-, S-, M-, and G2-phases of the cell cycle, while cells in the G0 (quiescent) phase are negative for this protein. View
Molecular KIT / PDGFRa Molecular Reflex Panel (GIST) This is a two-step reflex panel beginning with bi-directional sequencing of KIT exons 8, 9, 11, and 17. If negative, testing proceeds with bi-directional sequencing of exons 12 and 18 of the PDGFRA gene. Tumor enrichment is performed before extraction. Tests may also be ordered separately. View
Molecular KRAS & BRAF Mutation Analysis Concurrent analysis of KRAS and BRAF gene regions including KRAS exons 1 and 2 (with mutation detection in codons 12, 13, and 61) and BRAF exon 15 to detect V600 mutations and more. Tumor enrichment is performed before extraction.

This test is part of NeoGenomics’ comprehensive colorectal cancer testing.

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Molecular KRAS Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of exons 1 and 2 of the KRAS gene, which includes detection of mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61.  Tumor enrichment is performed before extraction. View
Flow Cytometry Lambda - Monoclonal Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry Lambda - Polyclonal Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC Lambda Ig Light Chain Antibody to the lambda light chain of immunoglobulin is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is clonal and therefore malignant. View
IHC Lambda ISH In situ hybridization for detection of lambda light chain mRNA. Testing should be ordered in conjunction with kappa ISH. Positive and negative staining for kappa and lambda are reported and abnormal results are given as percentage ratio. View
IHC LCA (CD45) CD45 belongs to the family of at least four isoforms of membrane glycoproteins (220, 205, 190, 180kDa) expressed on hematopoietic cell lines but absent on non-hematopoietic cell lines, normal and malignant non-hematopoietic tissues. The intracellular portion of these molecules have protein phosphatase activity and are involved in regulation of transmembrane signals. View
Flow Cytometry Lymphoma Staging Panel Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
FISH MALT1 (18q21)
  • Disease(s): Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, NHL
  • Probes: MALT1 (18q21)
View
IHC Mammaglobin Mammaglobin encodes a 10 kDa glycoprotein and is distantly related to a family of epithelial secretory proteins that includes rat estramustine-binding protein/prostatein and human Clara cell 10 kDa protein (CC10)/uteroglobin. Mammaglobin, a mammary-specific member of the uteroglobin family, is known to be overexpressed in human breast cancer. Studies suggest that mammaglobin is one of the first relatively mammary-specific and mammary-sensitive markers (85%). Mammaglobin may be valuable used in a panel with GCDFP-15 and ER in evaluating tumors of unknown primary sites. View
IHC MART-1/Melan A(A103) Melan-A is a differentiation antigen that is expressed in 100% of melanocytes, most melanomas and 50-60% of melanoma cell lines. Melan A recognizes a subcellular fraction found in melanosomes. Melan-A is a useful addition to melanoma panels since it is specific for melanocytic lesions. Both HMB-45 and Melan-A are coexpressed in the majority of melanomas, as well as uniquely expressed in certain cases. Studies have shown that Melan-A is more sensitive than HMB-45 when labeling metastatic melanomas. Melan-A antibody labels the tumor cells of a subset of adrenocortical carcinomas and sex cord tumors of the gonads. View
Molecular Microsatellite Instability Analysis (MSI) PCR and fragment analysis of paired normal and tumor tissue to determine microsatellite instability (MSI) at the standard five NCI-recommended loci. Positive results are reported as MSI-high (at least two markers are unstable) or MSI-low (one marker is unstable).

This test is part of NeoGenomics’ comprehensive colorectal cancer testing.

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IHC MLH1 MLH1 is a mismatch repair gene that is deficient in a high proportion of patients with microsatellite instability (MSI-H). This finding is associated with the autosomal dominant condition Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer (HNPCC). The anti-MLH1 antibody is useful in screening patients and families for this condition. Colon cancers that are microsatellite unstable have a better prognosis than their microsatellite stable counterparts. View
FISH MLL (11q23)
  • Disease(s): ALL, AML
  • Probes: MLL (11q23)
View
IHC MOC-31 MOC-31 is used in a panel of antibodies as a negative marker for mesothelioma; and a negative stain for MOC-31 has been shown to exclude lung adenocarcinoma. MOC-31 is useful in differentiating tumors of unknown origin in liver cancers and distinguishing cholangiocarcinoma (+) from hepatocellular carcinomas (-). MOC-31 may be advantageous in the demonstration of epithelial cell differentiation in cases where anti-cytokeratins are not clearly positive or in cases where a false positivity for cytokeratin cannot be excluded, such as in submesothelial cells. View
IHC Modified Giemsa Special stain. The Modified Giemsa stain is used in combination to stain peripheral blood and bone marrow smears for study of blood cell morphology. View
Molecular MPL Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of exon 10 of the MPL gene to detect all possible mutations at the W515 and S505 codons, and other mutations throughout the exon. Testing is performed on plasma for increased sensitivity whenever possible. This test may be ordered separately or as part of the MPN Reflex Panel. View
Molecular MPN Reflex Panel Sequential testing panel including analysis of JAK2 V617F, JAK2 Exon 12-14, and MPL exon 10. Testing proceeds by reflex through the three-step panel until a mutation is identified, when the result is considered informative and no further testing is performed. Testing is performed on plasma for increased sensitivity whenever possible. Tests may also be ordered separately. View
Flow Cytometry MPO Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC MPO (Myeloperoxidase) Myeloperoxidase is an important enzyme used by granulocytes during phagocytic lysis of foreign particles engulfed. In normal tissues and in a variety of myeloproliferative disorders myeloid cells of both neutrophilic and eosinophilic types, at all stages of maturation, exhibit strong cytoplasmic reactivity for MPO. Erythroid precursors, megakaryocytes, lymphoid cells, mast cells, and plasma cells are nonreactive. MPO is not observed in the neoplastic cells of a wide variety of epithelial tumors and sarcomas. MPO is useful in differentiating between myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. View
IHC MSA (Muscle Specific Actin) This antibody is specific for alpha- and gamma-actins of smooth muscle and reacts with myocardium and skeletal muscle, arterial wall muscle fibers, smooth muscle of the G.I. tract, myometrium, prostatic stroma and bladder wall. This antibody should be useful as a muscle marker in normal and uncharacterized tissues. View
IHC MSH2 MSH2 is a mismatch repair gene which is deficient in a high proportion of patients with microsatellite instability (MSI-H). This finding is associated with the autosomal dominant condition Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer (HNPCC). The anti-MSH2 antibody is useful in screening patients and families for this condition. Colon cancers that are microsatellite unstable have a better prognosis than their microsatellite stable counterparts. View
IHC MSH6 Anti-MSH6 is used to qualitatively identify human DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein MSH6, expressed in the nucleus of normal proliferating cells. Deficient or low levels of MSH6 are associated with colorectal and other cancers. View
IHC MUC1 Anti-MUC1 is directed against the membrane bound, glycosylated phosphoprotein MUC1. This antibody may be used to aid in the identification of normal and neoplastic MUC1 expressing cells. View
IHC MUC2 The heterogeneous pattern of mucin expression, including the expression of the intestinal mucin MUC2, may provide new insights into the differentiation pathways of gastric carcinoma. MUC2 is specifically expressed in goblet cells of the small intestine & colon. Expression is rare outside of the GI tract except for mucinous carcinoma of the breast and clear cell-type carcinoma of the ovary. View
IHC MUM1 Multiple myeloma oncogene-1 (MUM1) is a 50 kDa protein encoded by the MUM1 gene. IRF4 / MUM1 is expressed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of plasma cells and a small percentage of germinal center (GC) B cells located in the light zone. This antibody labels MUM-1 protein in centrocytes and their progeny, plasma cells, activated T cells and a wide spectrum of hematolymphoid neoplasms derived from these cells. Therefore, this antibody can be used as a powerful tool for the identification and the subclassification of lymphoid malignancies. View
FISH MYC (8q24)
  • Disease(s): Lymphoma, NHL, B-ALL
  • Probes: MYC (8q24)
View
FISH MYC/IgH/Cen 8 t(8;14)
  • Disease(s): Burkitt lymphoma, NHL
  • Probes:
    • Trisomy 8 (Cen 8)
    • MYC/IgH t(8;14)
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Molecular MYD88 Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of exon 5 of the MYD88 gene which includes detection of the common L265P mutation. Testing is available separately or as part of the NeoTYPE™ Lymphoma Profile. View
IHC Myoglobin Immunostaining with anti-myoglobin is useful for the identification of tumors of muscle origin. Since myoglobin is found exclusively in skeletal and cardiac muscle and is not present in any other cells of the human body, it may be used to distinguish rhabdomyosarcoma from other soft tissue tumors. Anti-myoglobin staining is also useful when demonstrating rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in other tumors, e.g. neurogenic sarcomas and malignant mixed mesodermal tumors of the uterus and ovary. View
IHC Napsin A Immunohistochemical studies have revealed high expression levels of napsin A in human lung and kidney but low expression in spleen. Napsin A is expressed in type II pneumocytes and in adenocarcinomas of lung. The high specificity expression of napsin A in adenocarcinomas of lung is useful to distinguish primary lung adenocarcinomas from adenocarcinomas of other organs. View
Cytogenetics NeoARRAY™ SNP/Cytogenetic Profile

The NeoARRAY SNP/Cytogenetic Profile is available for hematological and solid tumor indications. With the best genome-wide coverage available, this test employs an enhanced SNP microarray with over 2.6 million SNP and non-polymorphic markers for detection of copy number variants (deletions, duplications, and amplifications) and loss of heterozygosity or uniparental disomy (LOH or UPD) in any chromosome. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of copy number variants >400 kb is >99%. Testing may not reliably detect abnormalities present in less than 20% of the cells tested. Balanced rearrangements, including translocations and inversions, are not detectable by this method.

Clients may request NeoARRAY on POC as the sole test, or they may order POC cytogenetics with reflex to NeoARRAY if the POC culture fails or if cytogenetic results are normal. For reflex orders, if there is no cell attachment or growth after 14 days in culture, a cytogenetics failure report will be issued and NeoARRAY will be performed. If there is limited cell attachment after 14 days in culture, NeoGenomics will contact the client for instructions. When array testing is not performed, a fee will be charged for DNA extraction (which is performed upon specimen receipt).

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Molecular NeoARRAY™ SNP/Cytogenetic Profile

The NeoARRAY SNP/Cytogenetic Profile is available for hematological, solid tumor, and pregnancy loss indications. With the best genome-wide coverage available, this test employs an enhanced SNP microarray with over 2.6 million SNP and non-polymorphic markers for detection of copy number variants (deletions, duplications, and amplifications) and loss of heterozygosity or uniparental disomy (LOH or UPD) in any chromosome. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of copy number variants >400 kb is >99%. Testing may not reliably detect abnormalities present in less than 20% of the cells tested. Balanced rearrangements, including translocations and inversions, are not detectable by this method.

Clients may request NeoARRAY on POC as the sole test, or they may order POC cytogenetics with reflex to NeoARRAY if the POC culture fails or if cytogenetic results are normal. For reflex orders, if there is no cell attachment or growth after 14 days in culture, a cytogenetics failure report will be issued and NeoARRAY will be performed. If there is limited cell attachment after 14 days in culture, NeoGenomics will contact the client for instructions. When array testing is not performed, a fee will be charged for DNA extraction (which is performed upon specimen receipt).

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NeoTYPE Cancer Profiles NeoTYPE™ AML Prognostic Profile Bi-directional sequencing and mutation analysis of select exons of the following genes: CEBPA, DNMT3A, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, NPM1, RUNX1, and WT1. Fragment analysis is performed on select genes for enhanced detection of low levels of insertion/deletion mutations. Testing can be performed on plasma for increased sensitivity when adequate leukemic cells are not available. This Profile may be ordered separately or as part of the AML Reflex Panel. View
NeoTYPE Cancer Profiles NeoTYPE™ Breast Tumor Profile Concurrent HER2 FISH, PTEN FISH, and bi-directional sequencing with mutation analysis of the following genes: BRAF, c-KIT, EGFR, PIK3CA, PTEN, and TP53. View
NeoTYPE Cancer Profiles NeoTYPE™ CLL Prognostic Profile

Concurrent analysis of ZAP-70 by flow cytometry, CLL-related chromosome abnormalities by FISH, and mutations of the IgVH, NOTCH1, and SF3B1 genes by bi-directional sequencing. Results are issued together in a comprehensive report.

Read more about the NeoTYPE™ CLL Prognostic Profile.

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NeoTYPE Cancer Profiles NeoTYPE™ Colorectal Tumor Profile Concurrent microsatellite instability analysis by PCR/fragment analysis, PTEN FISH, and bi-directional sequencing with mutation analysis of the following genes: BRAF, c-KIT, DNMT3A, EGFR, IDH1, IDH2, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, and TP53. View
NeoTYPE Cancer Profiles NeoTYPE™ Gastric Tumor Profile Concurrent HER2 FISH, PTEN FISH, and bi-directional sequencing with mutation analysis of the following genes: BRAF, c-KIT, DNMT3A, EGFR, IDH1, IDH2, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, and TP53. View
NeoTYPE Cancer Profiles NeoTYPE™ Lung Tumor Profile Concurrent ALK FISH, PTEN FISH, and bi-directional sequencing with mutation analysis of the following genes: BRAF, c-KIT, DNMT3A, EGFR, IDH1, IDH2, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, and TP53. View
NeoTYPE Cancer Profiles NeoTYPE™ Lymphoma Profile Concurrent molecular analyses of CCND1 (BCL1) t(11;14), BCL2 t(14;18), and bi-directional sequencing of select exons of CARD11, CD79B, MYD88, and TP53. BCL1 and BCL2 results are reported quantitatively when positive. Tests may be ordered separately. View
NeoTYPE Cancer Profiles NeoTYPE™ MDS/CMML Profile Concurrent bi-directional sequencing of select exons of the following 14 genes: ASXL1, CBL, EZH2, IDH1, IDH2, NRAS, PTPN11, RUNX1, SF3B1, SRSF2, TET2, TP53, U2AF1, and ZRSR2. Custom panels are available by request. View
NeoTYPE Cancer Profiles NeoTYPE™ Solid Tumor (Other) Profile Concurrent PTEN FISH and bi-directional sequencing with mutation analysis of the following genes: BRAF, c-KIT, DNMT3A, EGFR, IDH1, IDH2, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, and TP53. View
NeoTYPE Cancer Profiles NeoTYPE™ Spliceosome Mutation Profile Concurrent bi-directional sequencing of select exons of the following four genes: SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1 (also known as U2AF35), and ZRSR2. Tests are also available individually and as part of the NeoTYPE™ MDS/CMML Profile. View
Molecular NOTCH1 Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of exons 26, 27, and 34 is performed for detection of sequence variant mutations.  Fragment analysis is also performed for enhanced detection of insertion/deletion mutations. Testing can be performed on plasma when adequate leukemic cells are not available. This test may be ordered separately, as part of the NeoTYPE™ CLL Prognostic Profile, or as part of the CLL Molecular Prognostic Panel. View
Molecular NPM1 Mutation Analysis PCR and fragment analysis of exon 12 of the NPM1 gene to detect small insertion mutations specific to AML. Positive results are reported quantitatively as percent abnormal DNA. Testing may be performed on plasma to increase sensitivity. This test may be ordered separately or as part of the NeoTYPE™ AML Prognostic Profile. View
Molecular NRAS Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of NRAS exons 1 and 2 which includes sites of common activating mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61. View
IHC NSE (Neuron Specific Enolase) Enolases are homo- or heterodimers of the three subunits: alpha (46kDa), beta (44kDa), and gamma (46kDa). The alpha-subunit is expressed in most tissues and the beta-subunit only in muscle. The gamma-subunit is expressed primarily in neurons, in normal and in neoplastic neuroendocrine cells. Coexpression of NSE and chromogranin A is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. View
IHC Oct-2 Oct-2 is a transcription factor dependent on the activity of B cell restricted coactivators such as BOB-1/OBF.1. Oct-2 protein expression is not restricted to B cells, although expression levels are much higher in these cells. Reports indicate that germinal center B cells show higher expression for Oct-2 and BOB-1/OBF.1. In a number of these cases, cells do not express immunoglobulin due to the presence of crippling mutations in the Ig genes. The absence of both Oct-2 and BOB.1 expression represents a novel mechanism for immunoglobulin gene deregulation in Reed Sternberg cells. Oct-2 expression is reported to be significantly greater in germinal center derived lymphomas, although other B cell lymphomas also display high levels of expression. View
IHC p16 p16 is used for detection of the p16INK4a protein on FFPE tissue sections prepared from cervical biopsies. Positive staining is characterized as diffuse, continuous staining of cells of the basal and parabasal cell layers of the squamous cervical epithelium, with or without staining of cells of intermediate to superficial cell layers. This pattern is representative of overexpression of the p16INK4a protein within the cervical epithelium. Negative staining is demonstrated by either focal staining or no staining of the cervical epithelium. View
IHC p21 p21 is cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1), also known as CDKN1A. p21 acts as an inhibitor of the cell cycle during G1 phase and is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53. Normal cells generally display a rather intense nuclear p21 expression. Loss of p21 expression has been associated with poor prognosis in several carcinomas (gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma). View
IHC p504s P504s is an enzyme in the ß-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids. Expression of P504s protein is found in prostatic adenocarcinoma but not in benign prostatic tissue. It has also been found to stain premalignant lesions of the prostate: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. P504s can be used as a positive marker for PIN. It may be useful to confirm the diagnosis of small foci of prostate carcinoma in needle biopsies. P504s stains the majority prostate cancer, however, P504s has been shown to stain many other types of carcinoma such as hepatoma, breast carcinoma, pancreatic islet tumor and desmoplastic small round cell tumor. View
IHC p53 p53 is a tumor suppressor gene expressed in a wide variety of tissue types and is involved in regulating cell growth, replication, and apoptosis. It binds to mdm2, SV40 T antigen and human papilloma virus E6 protein p53 senses DNA damage and possibly facilitating repair. Mutation involving p53 is found in a wide variety of malignant tumors, including breast, ovarian, bladder, colon, lung, and melanoma. View
FISH p53 (17p13.1)
  • Disease(s): Multiple myeloma, MGUS, CLL
  • Probes: p53 (17p13.1)
View
IHC p63 The p63 gene, a homologue of the tumor-suppressor p53, is highly expressed in the basal or progenitor layers of many epithelial tissues. P63 shows remarkable structural similarity to p53 and to the related p73 gene. Unlike p53, the p63 gene encodes multiple isotypes with remarkably divergent abilities to transactivate p53 reporter genes and induce apoptosis. View
IHC Pan-CytoKeratin Plus (AE1/AE3 + CK8/18) AE1/AE3 recognizes acidic and basic subfamilies of cytokeratins. The cocktail of these two antibodies can be used to detect most human epithelia. The acidic cytokeratins have molecular weights of 56.5, 55, 51, 50, 50, 48 46, 45, and 40 kDa. The basic cytokeratins have molecular weights of 65-67, 64, 59, 58, 56 and 52 kDa. Clone 5D3 recognizes cytokeratin (CK) 8 and 18 intermediate filament proteins. These are 52.5 kDa and 45 kDa respectively. In normal tissues, 5D3 recognizes all simple and glandular epithelium. In the past, AE1/AE3 has had problems marking certain tissues types and adenocarcinomas. The addition of CK 8/18 remedies some of these problems. For example a study of twenty-eight lipid cell (steroid cell) tumors of the ovary were studied by immunohistochemistry; 46% were positive for Cytokeratin 8/18 antibody, 37% were positive with the Cytokeratin cocktail AE1/AE3. View
IHC PanKeratin (AE1/AE3/PCK26) AE1/AE3 recognizes the acidic and basic (Type I and II) subfamilies of cytokeratins. The cocktail of these two antibodies can be used to detect most human epithelia. The acidic cytokeratins have molecular weights of 56.5, 55, 51, 50, 50, 48 46, 45, and 40 kDa. The basic cytokeratins have molecular weights of 65-67, 64, 59, 58, 56 and 52 kDa. This pan cytokeratin antibody has proved useful as a screener for the majority of human carcinomas. View
IHC Pan-Melanoma The combination of HMB45, MART-1 Cocktail and Tyrosinase make this quadruple antibody cocktail a first-order pan melanoma screener, and may prove to be a valuable marker for melanoma metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes. The HMB45 clone reacts with a neuraminidase-sensitive oligosaccharide side chain of a glycoconjugate present in immature melanosomes. The HMB45-reactive antigen is present in cutaneous melanocytes, prenatal and infantile retinal pigment epithelium and melanoma cells. It is also thought to be oncofetal in nature. This antibody has been shown to label the majority of melanomas. The MART-1/Melan A recognizes a protein of 18kDa, identified as MART-1 (Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T cells 1) or Melan-A. Melan-A is a useful addition to melanoma panels which is specific to melanocytic lesions. Studies have also shown that MART-1 is more sensitive than HMB45 when labeling metastatic melanomas. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme involved in the initial stages of melanin biosynthesis. Studies have shown Tyrosinase to be a more sensitive marker when compared to HMB45 and MART-1. It has also been shown to label a higher percentage of desmoplastic melanomas than HMB45. View
IHC PAS with/without Diastase Special stain. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain is for the demonstration of polysaccharides, neutral mucosubstances, and basement membranes. View
IHC PAS-D Special stain. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain with diastase digestion demonstrates glycogen in tissue sections. PAS stain is for the demonstration of polysaccharides, neutral mucosubstances, and basement membranes. Staining and digestion are usually done simultaneously to demonstrate the glycogen that is dissolved away in comparison to the untreated slide, whereas neutral mucins are resistant to diastase treatment. View
IHC PAS-Fungus Special stain. Polysacchrides present in fungal cell walls react with Schiff reagent to demonstrate fungi. View
IHC PAX-5 PAX-5 is a B-cell specific activator protein (BSAP). In early stages of B-cell development, PAX-5 influences the expression of several B-cell specific genes, such as CD19 and CD20. PAX-5 is expressed primarily in pro-, pre-, and mature B-cells, but not in plasma cells. There is an excellent correlation between CD20 and Pax-5 expression; however anti-Pax-5 exceeds the specificity and sensitivity of L26 (CD20) because of its earlier expression in B-cell differentiation and its ability to detect all committed B-cells, including classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It is very specific to B-cell lineage and does not stain T-cells. In essence, PAX-5 may be a superior pan B-cell marker to CD20. View
IHC PAX-8 PAX-8 antibody is used an aid to determine if the disease can be classified as renal cell carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, or ovarian non-mucinous carcinoma. View
FISH PDGFR alpha
  • Disease(s): Chronic eosinophilic leukemia, MPN
  • Probes: PDGFRA, CHIC2, FIP1L1 (4q12)
View
Molecular PDGFRa Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of exons 12 and 18 of the PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor alpha) gene. These exons are mutation hotspots that account for the majority of PDGFRA mutations detected in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) including the common TKI-resistance mutation D842V. Solid tumor enrichment is performed before extraction. This test may be ordered separately or as part of the KIT/PDGFRa Molecular Reflex Panel (GIST). View
Molecular PIK3CA Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of PIK3CA exons 1, 9, and 20 which are the most commonly-mutated regions of the gene. View
IHC PIN In normal epithelia, HMW Cytokeratins (CK5 and CK14) stain basal epithelia in the prostate gland. p63 is detected in prostate basal epithelial nuclei in normal prostate, however, it is negative in malignant tumors of the prostate gland. Thus p63 is useful as a differential marker for benign and malignant tumors of prostate gland and can be useful as a negative marker. Expression of P504S protein is found in prostatic adenocarcinoma, but not in benign prostatic tissue. It has also been found to stain premalignant lesions of the prostate: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. P504S can be used as a positive marker for PIN. It will be useful to confirm the diagnosis of small focus of prostate carcinoma in needle biopsies. The combination of HMW CKs + p63 + P504S may be extremely useful for diagnosing prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, especially in difficult cases and in cases with limited tissues. The HMW CKs and p63 stain normal (negative marker) and benign prostate glands, and the P504S stains cytoplasm in prostate adenocarcinoma and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. View
IHC PLAP (Placental Alkaline Phosphatase) Reacts with a membrane-bound isoenzyme (Regan and Nagao type) of Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP) occurring in the placenta during the 3rd trimester of gestation. This antibody is highly specific to PLAP and shows no cross-reaction with other isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatases. It is useful in the identification of testicular germ cell tumors. Unlike germ cell tumors, PLAP-positive somatic cell tumors uniformly express epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). View
FISH PML/RARA t(15;17)
  • Disease(s): AML, APL (AML-M3)
  • Probes: PML/RARA t(15;17)
View
Molecular PML-RARA Translocation, t(15;17) Real-time RT-PCR for quantitative detection of the t(15;17) PML-RARA fusion transcript. Both long and short isoforms of the fusion transcript are detected. Positive results identify the isoform and quantify it as a ratio with the amount of transcript from a normal control gene. Analytical sensitivity is 1 tumor cell in 100,000 normal cells. View
IHC PMS2 The gene product of PMS2 forms a heterodimer with MLH1 that interacts with MSH2 bound to mismatched bases in DNA. PMS2 functions as one of the major DNA mismatch repair genes along with MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6. Mutations in these genes are associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), one of the most common hereditary diseases in man. Immunohistochemistry studies have further determined that the microsatellite instability phenotype in endometrial carcinoma is linked to defects in the MLH1/PMS2 gene. View
IHC PR (Progesterone Receptor) The progesterone receptor is an estrogen-regulated protein. It has been proposed that expression of PR determination indicates a responsive estrogen receptor (ER) pathway, and therefore, may predict likely response to endocrine therapy in human breast cancer. A number of studies have shown that PR determination provides supplementary information to ER, both in predicting response to endocrine therapy and estimating survival. PR has proved superior to ER as a prognostic indicator in some studies. View
IHC PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) PSA is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease (kallikrein family) produced by the prostate epithelium. PSA is used to confirm prostatic acinar cell origin in primary and metastatic carcinomas and to rule out non-prostatic carcinoma mimics. This antibody is to be used for paraffin-embedded tissue only and is not to be used in serum testing. View
IHC PSAP (Prostatic Acid Phosphatase) Prostatic acid phosphatase (PSAP) is one of the two antigenic markers of prostatic carcinoma, the other being prostate specific antigen. It belongs to the kallikrein family of serine proteases and is suggested to act as a hydrolase to split phospharyl choline in semen and as a transferase. View
FISH PTEN
  • Disease(s): Prostate cancer, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (PTEN deletions)
  • Probes:
    • PTEN (10q23)
    • Centromere 10

This test may be ordered separately or as part of the NeoTYPE Solid Tumor Profiles (Breast, Colorectal, Gastric, Lung, Other).

View
Molecular PTEN Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of all exons (1-9) of the PTEN gene. For solid tumors, enrichment is performed before extraction. This assay does not detect large deletions. View
IHC RCC (Renal Cell Carcinoma) In a normal kidney, gp200 is localized along the brush border of the pars convoluta and pars recta segments of the proximal tubule, as well as focally along the luminal surface of Bowman's capsule adjoining the outgoing proximal tubule. Of other normal tissues examined, the gp200 is also localized along the luminal surfaces of breast lobules and ducts, the luminal surface of the epididymal tubular epithelium, within the cytoplasm of parathyroid parenchymal cells, and focally within the colloid of thyroid follicles. Thirty-one other normal tissues do not express similar or cross-reacting antigens. Reportedly, gp200 is expressed by 93% of primary and 84% of metastatic renal cell carcinomas. View
IHC Reticulin Special stain. The demonstration of reticular fibers in tissue sections can be important in the differential diagnosis of certain types of tumors. A change from the normal reticular fiber pattern, as is seen in hepatocellular carcinoma, is also an important diagnostic finding. View
FISH ROS1
  • Disease(s): Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)
  • Probes: ROS1 (6q22.1)

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Molecular RUNX1 Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of exons 4-10 of the RUNX1 gene. This test may be ordered separately or as part of the NeoTYPE™ AML Prognostic Profile. View
Molecular RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (AML1-ETO) Translocation, t(8;21) Real-time RT-PCR for quantitative detection of the t(8;21) RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion transcript (formerly called AML1-ETO). Analytical sensitivity is 1 tumor cell in 100,000 normal cells. Positive results are reported as a ratio between quantities of (8;21) transcript and a normal control gene. View
FISH RUNX1T1/RUNX1 (ETO/AML1) t(8;21)
  • Disease(s): AML-M2
  • Probes: RUNX1T1/RUNX1 (ETO/AML1) t(8;21)
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IHC S-100 S100 recognizes proteins of 21-24kDa, identified as the A and B subunits of S100 protein. S100 belongs to the family of calcium binding proteins such as calmodulin and troponin C. S100A is composed of an alpha and beta chain whereas S100B is composed of two beta chains. Antibody to S100 stains Schwannomas, ependymomas, astrogliomas, and almost all benign and malignant melanomas and their metastases. S100 protein is also expressed in the antigen presenting cells such as the Langerhan’s cells in skin and interdigitating reticulum cells in the paracortex of lymph nodes. The diagnosis of Histocytosis X is confirmed by S100 staining. S100 PAb is excellent for immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. S100 protein is highly soluble and may be eluted from frozen tissue during staining. View
IHC Secretagogin Secretagogin is found in prostatic adenocarcinomas as opposed to adenocarcinomas from other organs. Reports have demonstrated SCGN staining in most normal neuroendocrine tissues, except for the adrenal cortex. In other studies, SCGN staining was positive in most small cell lung cancers, showing expression more frequently than neuron specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin or synaptophysin. Secretagogin has been demonstrated in a subset of brain tumors by immunohistochemistry. SCGN was detected in singular neurons of the frontal and parietal neocortex, in basket and stellate cells of the cerebellar cortex, and in secretory neurons of the anterior part of the pituitary gland. SCGN is a novel neuroendocrine marker and should be useful in routine surgical pathology. View
Molecular SF3B1 Mutation Analysis RT-PCR and bi-directional sequencing of exons 14-17 of the SF3B1 gene. More than 90% of reported mutations are detected in these exons. This test detects mutations present at 10-15% or more in a wild-type background. Test may be ordered separately or as part of the NeoTYPE™ CLL Profile. View
IHC SMA (Smooth Muscle Actin) This antibody stains smooth muscle cells in artery vessel walls, gut wall, and myometrium. Myoepithelial cells in breast and salivary gland are also stained. It reacts with tumors arising from smooth muscles and myoepithelial cells. View
IHC SMM (Smooth Muscle Myosin) Smooth Muscle Myosin is a cytoplasmic structural protein, which is a major component of the contractile apparatus in smooth muscle cells. Expression of smooth muscle myosin is developmently regulated, appearing early in smooth muscle development, and is specific for smooth muscle development. View
IHC Smoothelin Smoothelin is a constituent of the smooth muscle cell cytoskeleton protein exclusively found in differentiated smooth muscle cells (SMC). Cells with SMC-like characteristics, such as myofibroblasts, myoepithelial cells, skeletal and cardiac muscle, do not contain smoothelin. Distinguishing bladder muscularis mucosae (MM) from muscularis propria (MP) muscle bundles is crucial for accurate staging of bladder carcinoma. Strong smoothelin expression is nearly exclusively observed in muscularis propria. Therefore, the staining pattern of MP (strongly positive) and MM (negative or weakly positive) is useful for staging bladder urothelial carcinoma. Anti-smoothelin immunostaining can be helpful in differentiating benign (+) from malignant smooth muscle tumors (-), and other mimics(-). View
IHC Surfactant Protein A Lung surfactant protein-A (SP-A) is a major phospholipid-associated glycoprotein in surfactant and is a member of the C-type lectin superfamily that inhibits lipid secretion and enhances the uptake of phospholipid by alveolar type II cells. Levels of SP-A in amniotic fluid are reported to reflect the degree of fetal lung maturity and inadequate levels of surfactant at birth, a frequent occurrence in premature infants, results in respiratory failure. In individuals with lung adenocarcinomas, high concentrations of SP-A have been reported in pleural effusions except in poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinomas where a significant decrease of SP-A immunoreactivity has been reported. View
IHC Synaptophysin This antibody recognizes a protein of 38kDa, identified as synaptophysin. It labels normal neuroendocrine cells of human adrenal medulla, carotid body, skin, pituitary gland, thyroid, lung, pancreas, gastrointestinal mucosa, Paneth’s cells in the gastrointestinal tract and of gastric parietal cells. Neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and retina are also labeled. In combination with anti-chromogranin A and anti-NSE, Ab to synaptophysin is very useful in the identification of normal neuroendocrine cells and neuroendocrine neoplasms. View
IHC TAG 72 TAG-72 is a high molecular weight glycoprotein that is present in human adenocarcinomas and in lesser amounts, non-neoplastic tissues. It has also been found to be useful to distinguish between mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma, however, false positive reactions can occur so results must be interpreted with the utmost caution. View
Molecular T-Cell Gene Rearrangement Detection of clonal T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangements by PCR of variable and joining regions. View
Flow Cytometry TCR Alpha/Beta Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry TCR Gamma/Delta Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
Flow Cytometry TdT Individual antibodies are for add-on purposes only. View
IHC TdT Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT). TdT is a DNA polymerase located in the cell nucleus which catalyses the polymerization of deoxynucleotides at the 3’ hydroxyl ends of oligo or polydeoxynucleotide initiators and functions without a template. TdT is considered to be a highly specific marker for the diagnosis and classification of acute lymphoblastic lymphoma/leuksemias. The determination of TdT expression is most valuable when it is different to differentiate histologically between lymphoblastic lymphoma and Burkitt’s lymphoma. View
IHC Thyroglobulin This antibody recognizes a glycoprotein of 330kDa, identified as thyroglobulin. Antibody to thyroglobulin has been shown to be useful in positive identification of thyroid carcinomas of the papillary and follicular types. BIOCAREs cocktail of 2H11 and 6E1 antibodies stains thyroglobulin in follicular epithelial cells as well as colloid tissue. Demonstration of thyroglobulin in a metastatic lesion establishes the thyroid origin of the tumor. Adenocarcinomas of non-thyroidal origin are not reactive. View
IHC TIA-1 TIA-1 (T-cell intracytoplasmic antigen) monoclonal antibody reacts a granule-associated protein expressed in lymphocytes with cytolytic potential. It reacts with 60-70% of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, most large granular lymphocytic leukemias, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas, intestinal T-cell lymphomas, NK-like T-cell lymphomas, NK cell lymphomas, nasal T/NK-cell lymphomas, subcutaneous T-cell lymphomas, and pulmonary angiocentric lymphomas of T-or NK-phenotype. B-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin’s and lymphoblastic leukemias are negative for TIA-1. View
Molecular TP53 Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of TP53 exons 4-9. View
Molecular TPMT Genotyping This PCR-based allele discrimination assay is performed on genomic DNA and detects the four most common abnormal alleles of the thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) gene, which are TPMT*2 (238G>C), TPMT*3A (460G>A + 719A>G), TPMT*3B (460G>A), and TPMT*3C (719A>G). The status of the abnormal alleles tested is reported as not detected, heterozygous, or homozygous. The TPMT enzyme activity associated with the genotype is reported as normal, intermediate, or low or no activity. The abnormal alleles tested in this assay account for >95% cases of low or undetectable TPMT enzyme activity. View
IHC TRAcP Anti-TRAcP antibody labels the cells of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Other cells stained with this antibody are tissue macrophages and osteoclasts, which also express abundant TRAcP activity. View
IHC Trichrome Special stain. Trichrome stains are frequently used to differentiate between collagen and smooth muscle in tumors and to identify increases in collagenous tissue in diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver. View
IHC Tryptase Tryptases constitute a subfamily of trypsin-like proteinases, stored in the mast cell secretory granules and basophils. Upon cellular activation, these enzymes are released into the extracellular environment. Anti-tryptase is a good marker for mast cells, basophils, and their derivatives. View
IHC TTF-1 TTF-1(Thyroid transcription factor-1) is a member of the NKx2 family of homeodomain transcription factors. It is expressed in epithelial cells of the thyroid gland and the lung. Nuclei from liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, colon, kidney, breast, skin, testes, pituitary, prostate, and adrenal glands are unreactive. TTF-1 is detected in primary lung adenocarcinomas and small cell carcinomas and is absent in colon and breast carcinomas. Staining with TTF-1 antibody is useful for distinguishing between tumors of lung and non-lung origin. View
IHC Tyrosinase Tyrosinase catalyzes the formation of melanin within the cells and thus becomes a useful marker for the presence of melanocytes and melanosomes. As a marker of melanocytic lineage, tyrosinase is localized to melanocytes which can be found on the dermal/epidermal junction of normal skin, but is not detected in other normal cells. Expression of tyrosinase is also found in melanocytic lesions including benign nevi and the majority of primary and metastatic malignant melanomas, and not in non-melanocytic tumor types. View
Molecular UGT1A1 Genotyping Lengths of the TA repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of the UTG1A1 gene are determined by fragment analysis using capillary electrophoresis. The alleles detected include the common normal allele *1 (with 6 TA repeats) and the common abnormal allele *28 (7 repeats). The patient’s genotype is reported along with the associated high, intermediate, or low risk for toxicity from the drug irinotecan (Camptosar®). View
IHC Uroplakin Uroplakins (UPs) are a family of transmembrane proteins (UPs Ia, Ib, II and III) that are specific differentiation products of urothelial cells. In non-neoplastic urothelium, UPIII is expressed in the luminal surface plasmalemma of superficial (umbrella) cells. UPIII detects 53 - 66% urothelial carcinomas, whereas many non-urothelial carcinomas were UPIII-negative. Recent studies of UP gene expression in normal urothelium and bladder cancer specimens found that UP expression was absent after malignant transformation. Thus, UP expression might reflect the malignant potential of urothelial cancer cells as well as being cytodifferential markers of urothelial cells. View
IHC Villin Villin is a 95kD glycoprotein of microvilli associated with rootlet formation in gastrointestinalmucosal epithelium. Anti-villin labels the brush border area in the gastrointestinal mucosalepithelium. This antibody has been useful in differentiating gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinomas and ovarian adenocarcinomas from adenocarcinomas from other organs. Also labeled by this antibody are Merkel cells of the skin. View
IHC Vimentin Vimentin is the main intermediate filament protein in mesenchymal cells and is therefore of value in the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated neoplasms. View
IHC WT1 WT1 is a suppressor gene located on chromosome 11p13 . Wilms' Tumor Protein (WT1) has been identified in proliferative mesothelial cells, malignant mesothelioma, ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, gonadoblastoma, nephroblastoma and desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Lung adenocarcinomas rarely stain positive with this antibody. View
Molecular WT1 Mutation Analysis Bi-directional sequencing of exons 7 and 9 is performed for detection of sequence variant mutations.  Fragment analysis of exon 7 is also performed for enhanced detection of heterozygous insertion/deletion mutations. The SNP genotype at rs16754 is reported.  Testing is performed on plasma for increased sensitivity whenever possible.   This test may be ordered separately or as part of the NeoTYPE™ AML Prognostic Profile. View